Evaluation of anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory of muscadine extracts VinoVita ViabilityTM PE, VinoVita AGE-ilityTM PE, and VinoVita JuiceTM PE.
Evaluation of anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory of muscadine extracts VinoVita ViabilityTM PE, VinoVita AGE-ilityTM PE, and VinoVita JuiceTM PE.
Samples/products:
A. VinoVita ViabilityTM PE – total polyphenols 7.85 mg/g.
B. VinoVita AGE-ilityTM PE – total polyphenols 38.4 mg/g.
C. VinoVita JuiceTM PE- total polyphenols 4.51 mg/g.
D. ElderCraft®- total polyphenols 120 mg/g.
Anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory activity:
Three muscadine products (VinoVita ViabilityTM PE, VinoVita AGE-ilityTM PE, VinoVita JuiceTM PE) and control elderberry extract ElderCraft® were assessed for their effectiveness to inhibit LPS-dependent inflammation or induce immune response in immune cells – macrophages. Five different concentrations of tested compounds were evaluated.
Data analyses:
TNF- ELISA kit from R&D Systems using Quant Microplate Reader was used for the determination of anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory activity. Microsoft Excel was used for the calculation. Anti-inflammatory effectiveness is expressed as a dose response graphs using SigmaPlot version 13.0.
Results and Comments
The original testing of VinoVita ViabilityTM PE, VinoVita AGE-ilityTM PE, VinoVita JuiceTM PE and control ElderCraft® did not demonstrate anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated macrophages (data not shown). On the other hand, VinoVita ViabilityTM PE, VinoVita AGE- ilityTM PE, VinoVita JuiceTM PE and control elderberry extract ElderCraft® induced immune response in a dose-response manner in macrophages (Figs. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D).
Although all tested muscadine products and control elderberry extract markedly increased immune response in immune cells, these extracts contain different amounts of polyphenols.
VinoVita ViabilityTM PE contains 7.85 mg polyphenols in 1 gram.
VinoVita AGE-ilityTM PE contains 38.4 mg polyphenols in 1 gram.
VinoVita JuiceTM PE contains 4.51 mg polyphenols in 1 gram.
ElderCraft® contains 120 mg polyphenols in 1 gram.
Therefore, the real immunomodulatory activity must be adjusted to the amounts of polyphenols to the same amount of muscadine and elderberry products.
Immune response [%]
Immune response [%]
Immune response [%]
Immune response [%]
As seen in table I the most effective product is VinoVita AGE-ilityTM PE which increased the immunomodulatory effectiveness by 4-fold when compared to ElderCraft®.
VinoVita JuiceTM PE shows the same effectiveness as ElderCraft®.
VinoVita ViabilityTM PE is approximately 50% effective when compared to the ElderCraft®.
Since muscadine and elderberry extracts contain different amounts of polyphenols (Table I), we adjusted immunomodulatory effectiveness of these products to the same amounts of polyphenols (Table II).
